Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) reported that people rate cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). INHIBITING AND FACILITATING CONDITIONS. In the 1988 paper, Strack, Martin, and Stepper reported two studies in which they surreptitiously changed participants’ facial expressions. The guide below is intended to help you read the article by providing definitions of terms therein that you might not know. Say cheese! Study 2 is based on Sabine Stepper's Diploma thesis at the University of Mannheim. Independent Control Dependent Experimental Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) invented the pen-in–mouth-paradigm to overcome these limitations of prior studies. Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. Strack F(1), Martin LL, Stepper S. Author information: (1)Universität Mannheim, Federal Republic of … In this paradigm, participants are instructed to hold a pen in their mouth either with their lips or with their teeth. Inhibiting and Facilitating Conditions of the Human Smile: A Nonobtrusive Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis ... 770 E STRACK, L. MARTIN, AND S. STEPPER pie, they may have directed their attention away from the emo- ... contractions associated with a particular emotional expression. Fritz Strack (born February 6, 1950) is a German social psychologist and professor at the University of Würzburg. In two studies, they induced different groups of participants to produce a facial expression (i.e., smiling or pouting) SUBSCRIBE to BrainCraft! In this experiment, the funniness ratings were a(n) _____ variable. A researcher attempted to replicate this result using a sample of n … Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. In this paradigm, participants are instructed to hold a pen in their mouth either with their lips or with their teeth. We’ll discuss the findings of Study 1 of Strack et al. RRR project to replicate Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988) This OSF Page includes all of the relevant information for a Perspectives on Psychological Science Registered Replication Report of Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Joy and happiness makes us genuinely smile, but can forcing a smile make us genuinely happy? Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) compared funnies ratings of cartoons that research participants viewed while they held a pen either between their front teeth (to covertly induce a smile) or between their lips, without touching the pen between their teeth (to covertly induce a frown). The logic of the procedure was adopted from studies by F. Strack, L. Martin, and S. Stepper (1988), who unobtrusively manipulated people's facial expressions. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) reported that people rate cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). Participants then rated the funniness of cartoons. At the time, the hypothesis itself, Over 30 years ago, Leonard Martin, Sabine Stepper, and I (Strack et al., 1988) conducted two studies to test the “facial feedback” hypothesis ( Darwin, 1872 ). Forschungsgemeinschaft to Fritz Strack and Norbert Schwarz and by NIMH postdoctoral research fellowship F32 MH-09194 to Leonard Martin. "Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988)". 1988 May;54(5):768-77. Registered Replication Report Commentary by Fritz Strack The links below lead to the final versions of the articles. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) invented the pen-in–mouth-paradigm to overcome these limitations of prior studies. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988; henceforth SMS) tested this facial feedback hypothesis: Are our affective responses guided, in part, by our own facial expressions? and think through what approaches we should take to evaluating the data collected during the first class. 1. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences.For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. Sabine Stepper and Fritz Strack This article reports 2 experiments that test whether both emotional and nonemotional feelings may be influenced by uninterpreted proprioceptive input. (2016) Strack et al. J Pers Soc Psychol. (1988)の再現実験。 Strackらの論文は千回以上引用され、様々な心理学の入門書に掲載されていたが、直接の再現実験が行われていなかったこと Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) did studies in which participants held a pen either in their teeth or in their lips. Example Problems Ch.1, #7 Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) found that people rated cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown).